Grasping God's Purpose: ”Take the Long Road Home” – Exodus 13

I confess that I am not always a patient man. I like short cuts – but they must be proven. I only notice the flowers along the drive because God gave me a wife to call them to my attention. I read management and efficiency literature. Things that are poorly managed bug me. Perhaps that is why this passage put a “burr under my saddle”. In these days of efficiency management, God’s way of doing things can grate us the wrong way. He can take the long way around things and makes a point in what seems an inefficient way. This study will help us understand and relate to the “indirect God” and appreciate the brilliance of His method of teaching!

In the text for our study, there are two clear parts: God makes commands (12:43-13:16) and then begins an example (13:17-22) leading the people. The two sections have one thing in common, both are inefficient in their execution. Why doesn’t God do things the short and easy way? Let’s take the passage apart and it will become clearer. While we do, there is a principle that we will learn:

Key Principle: God knows the SHORT way is not always the best way to move us ahead. He takes His time to make sure the WAY we head is pleasing to Him!

THE COMMANDS (12:43-13:16)

Timing of the Commands (Ex. 12:43)

First, look at the opening Command in Exodus 12:43 “The LORD said to Moses and Aaron, “This is the ordinance of the Passover: no foreigner is to eat of it…”  Something strikes me strangely about these words…Before we explore WHAT God commanded Moses, I had a question… WHY offer detailed instructions BEFORE you get the people moving out of Pharaoh’s way? Bear in mind the passage is set while they are still in Egypt. It can be as simple as the idea that the record was expanded by Moses later. There is no reason to believe he wrote the final form of what we have THAT NIGHT. At the same time, it occurs to me that there are perhaps two spiritual and yet incredibly practical reasons why this was placed where it is in the story:

First, They were not ready to have God lead them anywhere until they were ready to listen! (and neither are we!)  I have met many believers who have labored over God’s will for some venture or question. Have you ever been fasting and praying and still not hearing clearly from God while you are in the will and the way of God—about what He wants you to do, or where He wants you to go with your issue? It is worth noting that if you are not walking in the will of God you will need to understand that God seldom raises His voice. His Words soak into your ears by a whisper…not a shriek. If you are not close enough to God to hear Him whisper, then you may find yourself wandering continuously with no idea where you are headed…because God’s whisper is only for those that are close enough, and those that are quiet enough to listen. It is as if God says: “IF YOU’RE REALLY INTERESTED IN HEARING FROM ME, MOVE EVERYTHING, EVERY OBSTACLE, EVERY ENCUMBRANCE, EVERYTHING THAT DISTRACTS YOU FROM ME OUT OF THE WAYWhile God had the attention of Israel on the miracle of the Passover – perhaps He used their short attention span to speak words that would last for all their generations. I suspect there is another reason God spoke BEFORE He moved the people out..

Second, God was not ready to show His POWER until we are ready to proclaim His right of OWNERSHIP! God strips a believer of PERSONAL OWNERSHIP before He shows what belonging to HIM means. Have you noticed how God speaks in Scripture as though He is in charge? The writer of a series of billboards seems to “get it” in the “God Speaks” series in the DFW area. The billboards are a simple black background with white text. No fine print or sponsoring organization is included. The sponsorship for these “God Speaks” billboards is anonymous:

  • “Let’s meet at my house Sunday before the game.” – God
  • “C’mon over and bring the kids.” – God
  • “What part of “Thou Shalt Not…didn’t you understand?” – God
  • “We need to talk.” – God
  • “Keep using my name in vain, I’ll make rush hour longer.” – God
  • “Loved the wedding, invite me to the marriage.” – God
  • “That `Love Thy Neighbor‘ thing… I meant it.” – God
  • “I love you and you and you and you and… “ – God
  • “Will the road you’re on get you to my place?” – God
  • “Follow me.” -God
  • “Big bang theory, you’ve got to be kidding.” – God
  • “My way is the highway.” – God
  • “Need directions?” – God
  • “You think it’s hot here?” – God
  • “Have you read my #1 best seller? There will be a test.” – God
  • “Do you have any idea where you’re going?” – God
  • And finally: “Don’t make me come down there.” – God

I am not being snide, but it isn’t in the nature of man to submit to rules or even the concept of Divine ownership. Our pride is big and our resistance is significant – even when God moves into our lives in a PROFOUND WAY, like He did on the first Passover with Israel.

Substance of the Commands (Four Types in Ex. 12:43 – 13:16)

Type One: The Distinction Commands (Ex. 12:43-51)

Exodus 12:43 “The LORD said to Moses and Aaron, “This is the ordinance of the Passover: no foreigner is to eat of it. 44 but every man’s slave purchased with money, after you have circumcised him, then he may eat of it. 45 “A sojourner or a hired servant shall not eat of it. 46“It is to be eaten in a single house; you are not to bring forth any of the flesh outside of the house, nor are you to break any bone of it. 47 “All the congregation of Israel are to celebrate this. 48 “But if a stranger sojourns with you, and celebrates the Passover to the LORD, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near to celebrate it; and he shall be like a native of the land. But no uncircumcised person may eat of it. 49 “The same law shall apply to the native as to the stranger who sojourns among you.” 50 Then all the sons of Israel did so; they did just as the LORD had commanded Moses and Aaron. 51 And on that same day the LORD brought the sons of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their hosts.

God said essentially: “Set apart this feast of the Passover and include only those I have specified to observe it for your generations!” (12:43-51). God has a new and special identity for people who desire to walk thorough the wilderness with Him. It is a distinct people, with a unique set of markers and a unique set of standards. Failure to come under His Word bars you from participation! Three important lessons can be seen here.

First, we need to include who God includes, and exclude who God excludes. In the “tolerance at any cost” laden generation, we need to remember that throwing in the towel on God’s standards so that we can be loving and accepting of everyone is NOT a marker of godliness, it is a warped version of truth. We need to be gracious and loving as God’s people. At the same time, that grace stops at the edge of God’s Word. We must be careful, for all around us are voices that call us to allow things God said we cannot allow – and call it all LOVE.

Second, That principle can be even more closely applied to my own life. We need to serve an eviction notice on a lot of stuff left over from our old life. Anything that doesn’t please God and doesn’t honor God needs to be shown the door. Things that are hindering your being properly aligned with the Spirit of God must fall under His Word on the subject. You can’t bring in the treasure until to take the trash out. God doesn’t bless a mess – in ministry or in heart. Once we’ve evicted every encumbrance—then God will move in our heart with free course. Don’t argue to hold on to encumbrances out of some warped theological theory – just give them up.

Third, on a more positive note, careful observation of the text about the meal reveals that God was signaling a FAMILY relationship in the observance. Those who are a part of the family are to take part as sons (12:42). God’s work in people started through the family, and He illustrates the relationship as that of a SON. Interesting, in the time, this was a title of a young man that respected his father, and wanted to be identified as part of his legacy. How the enemy has launched an attack on this part of the identity! Those who are not part of the family are not to take part unless they have been circumcised as the family (12:43-45, 48-49). The people were to be examined and to join the people of God by submitting themselves to reverence one of God’s more difficult to follow commands. Being a part of God’s program was not a negotiation, nor did people come in with a list of demands. It was a privilege to be a part of God’s family. God’s provision was a family experience and cannot be shared outside the house (12:46). Those who refused to join God’s family failed to receive the benefits of the family. It isn’t a right; it is a privilege to have God’s blessings! The off ramp of Hell highway is available, but you must turn the vehicle!

Everyone in the family is to participate – it was not left to your choice (12:47). If you are a part of God’s program, then you do what God says to do. He isn’t taking a head count on what we think, He’s telling us His expectation. After they committed to follow the Lord, they were commanded to move ahead (12:50-51). That’s the pattern of the Bible – trust; then obey, then get blessed. God has no grandchildren and every one must make a decision of whether to trust God or not on their own.

Type Two: The Devotion Commands (Ex. 13:1-2)

Ex. 13:1 Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, 2 “Sanctify to Me every firstborn, the first offspring of every womb among the sons of Israel, both of man and beast; it belongs to Me.”

“Set apart (Devote) the first born of man and beast – they are MINE” (13:1). God knew that His purchase made in Egypt long ago would quickly be forgotten when the people were redeemed and out of the harsh bondage. Believers tend to lose their enthusiasm the further they get from their lost life. God told them to recall the beginning story with every new generation! Obviously, the tendency of believers both then and now is to be cheap and cheat God on His property!

The roof of the church hall of a little Swiss church, at the turn of the 20th century, was falling down. So the members of the church held regular prayer meetings in the hall after the service to pray for funds to repair the roof. There was an old man, known to be very tight with his money, who used to attend and sit near the back of the hall. He could sneak out just before the collection plate came round at the end of the prayer meeting. One Sunday, he was held up on his way to the prayer meeting in the Hall by the vicar and could only find a seat at the front of the church. During the prayer meeting, a piece of the roof fell and hit him on the head. Feeling spoke to by the Lord, he stood up and said “Lord, I’ll give $1000″ A voice at the back of the church was heard to say” Hit him again, Lord“!

God wanted the FIRST – of EVERYTHING. He bought them and paid for ALL of them, but He wanted them to remember! Later on the price for redemption of a human first born male was set at 5 shekels (Numbers 18:16).

Type Three: The Memorial Commands (Ex. 13:3-10)

Ex. 13:3 Moses said to the people, “Remember this day in which you went out from Egypt, from the house of slavery; for by a powerful hand the LORD brought you out from this place. And nothing leavened shall be eaten. 4 “On this day in the month of Abib, you are about to go forth. 5 “It shall be when the LORD brings you to the land of the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Amorite, the Hivite and the Jebusite, which He swore to your fathers to give you, a land flowing with milk and honey, that you shall observe this rite in this month. 6 “For seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, and on the seventh day there shall be a feast to the LORD. 7 “Unleavened bread shall be eaten throughout the seven days; and nothing leavened shall be seen among you, nor shall any leaven be seen among you in all your borders. 8 “You shall tell your son on that day, saying, ‘It is because of what the LORD did for me when I came out of Egypt.’ 9 “And it shall serve as a sign to you on your hand, and as a reminder on your forehead, that the law of the LORD may be in your mouth; for with a powerful hand the LORD brought you out of Egypt. 10 “Therefore, you shall keep this ordinance at its appointed time from year to year.

The short read is this: “Memorialize our deliverance in this week long festival! Do so by getting leaven out of the feast for a week, eating unleavened bread each year at this time!” (13:3-10). The “memorial commands” are these:

  • The memory of the powerful work of God would be seen in a meal (13:3a). This theme isn’t new to the Bible. There was a meal covenant in Scripture that was shared when peace was forged between waring parties (Psalm 23, Jacob and Laban in Genesis).
  • Leaven was natural, unleavened bread was rushed and un-natural. It went against the grain (13:3b). It was faster to make, but harder to swallow. In many ways, God’s command was to make people reverse the normal ways they did things to recall the events of the wilderness.
  • God was deeply interested in the timing of the event (13:4) and the continued observance of the event (13:5-7). He wanted them to concentrate all their effort on even cleaning any of the “leaven” they had in the camp, carefully cleaning it out! (13:7b).
  • Notice how many times he says “with a strong hand.” The Hebrew root of this word is: khaw-zak’ which means “to fasten on to” “to bind.” The pun was this: just as God delivered you by “BINDING YOU” to His hand, so this observance shall BIND YOU to Him!

Don’t be so quick to think that God doesn’t care about OBSERVANCES. Not everything about God is INFORMAL. I want to challenge that idea. I know that we can come dressed however we want and God can hear us. I know that we can lay in a hammock and worship God in a small Bible study at home with our friends. I know that there are no Biblical commands to erect buildings as churches. I know the job description of clergy is very much more about character in Timothy and Titus – than about what they do. Yet, I do NOT conclude that being a part of a living body of a local church is unimportant. I DO dress to be here. I DO want to worship corporately….and I DO see a God in Scripture who cares about observances – how they are done, what is included in the services, and who should participate. Let’s not keep settling for the downward tug of our times to make everything into a barnyard dance or rock concert. God cares what we do, when we do it, how we are inside and outside. Apply that as the Spirit leads, but don’t dismiss it. Two guys at Dunkin Donuts talking about Jesus with no accountability or leadership structure is NOT a local church- even if modern writers say it is.

Type Four: The Devotion Commands (Ex. 13:11-16)

Ex. 13:11 “Now when the LORD brings you to the land of the Canaanite, as He swore to you and to your fathers, and gives it to you, 12 you shall devote to the LORD the first offspring of every womb, and the first offspring of every beast that you own; the males belong to the LORD. 13 “But every first offspring of a donkey you shall redeem with a lamb, but if you do not redeem it, then you shall break its neck; and every firstborn of man among your sons you shall redeem. 14 “And it shall be when your son asks you in time to come, saying, ‘What is this?’ then you shall say to him, ‘With a powerful hand the LORD brought us out of Egypt, from the house of slavery. 15 ‘It came about, when Pharaoh was stubborn about letting us go, that the LORD killed every firstborn in the land of Egypt, both the firstborn of man and the firstborn of beast. Therefore, I sacrifice to the LORD the males, the first offspring of every womb, but every firstborn of my sons I redeem.’ 16 “So it shall serve as a sign on your hand and as phylacteries on your forehead, for with a powerful hand the LORD brought us out of Egypt.”

A quick read on this section may be” “Devote the first born of our children and our animals to the Lord remembering that they are the purchase price of our redemption from slavery!” (13:11-16). I  think it is worth remembering that Everyone is prepared to sacrifice SOMEONE ELSE’S STUFF, but not their own!

A mother was preparing pancakes for her sons, Kevin who is 5, and Ryan who is 3. The boys began to argue over who would get the first pancake. Their mother saw the opportunity for a moral lesson so she said: “If Jesus were sitting here, He would say, “Let my brother have the first pancake. I can wait.” Kevin turned to his younger brother and said, “Hey Ryan, you be Jesus.”

God told the people to offer back to Him the first born of their children, not by taking their lives, but by a sacrifice of a lamb. (13:11-13) God kept this command Himself! Ironic that this would be the time when God’s very own firstborn son would become the “Lamb slain” to purchase men! God has people give to help them recall who really owns what we have: Have you ever noticed how big $100.00 looks when you take it to church, yet how small it looks when you take it to the mall?

Don’t skip Exodus 13:13. The donkey was unclean so they couldn’t sacrifice it – so they used a lamb instead. If someone could not sacrifice a lamb, then the donkey’s neck would be broken. It was either redeemed, or it was DEAD – no middle ground. That’s a lesson in the judicial nature of a Holy God.

THE EXAMPLE OF LEADERSHIP (Ex. 3:17-20)

The commands now given, God led the people out. Take a closer look at what the example teaches us:

  • Protection: God Protects Us from US: God led them the long way to help them overcome a fear He knew they would have (13:17). Exodus 13:17 “Now when Pharaoh had let the people go, God did not lead them by the way of the land of the Philistines, even though it was near; for God said, “The people might change their minds when they see war, and return to Egypt.” The route chosen by God was southeast towards Sinai. Why? To avoid possible militaristic confrontation with the Egyptians. Because that would encourage people with shallow minds and tunnel vision to go back. Sometime we should thank God not just for His faithfulness in what we went through—but the trouble that we avoided because He shielded us. We may just need to thank God for what we missed along the way…instead of just thanking God for what He brought you out through.
  • Organization: God gave them a chance to spread out and get organized before the journey began (13:18). 18 Hence God led the people around by the way of the wilderness to the Red Sea; and the sons of Israel went up in martial array from the land of Egypt. They needed a chance to get in ranks before they underwent attacks, and God gave them the time and space.
  • Opportunity: God gave them the time necessary to keep their promises. If they had to run, they couldn’t take the bones of their fathers as they promised! (13:19). 19 Moses took the bones of Joseph with him, for he had made the sons of Israel solemnly swear, saying, “God will surely take care of you, and you shall carry my bones from here with you.”
  • Preparation: God gave them a glimpse of the journey before they got into the wilderness (13:20). 20 Then they set out from Succoth and camped in Etham on the edge of the wilderness.
  • Direction: God gave them direction – clear and distinct. Exodus 13:21 The LORD was going before them in a pillar of cloud by day to lead them on the way, and in a pillar of fire by night to give them light, that they might travel by day and by night. 22 He did not take away the pillar of cloud by day, nor the pillar of fire by night, from before the people.

Why doesn’t God do things the short and easy way? Because He knows the shortcut isn’t the best way to get what you need from the journey! He takes His time to make sure the WAY we head is pleasing to Him!

He Changes Everything: “Prophetic Room with a View”- Mark 13

Because I get around a good bit in travel, I often am sitting in places where travelers gripe about the things that go wrong on trips. There is the usual fare of “This airline is never on time!” or “I can’t believe the poor service I got in the restaurant last night!” Occasionally, the complaints slip over to hotel rooms. One of the most common complaints with luxury travelers arises when they book an expensive room in a hotel at some exotic destination, and are deeply disappointed with their view of a trash dumpster instead of the beautiful surroundings! They understandably feel robbed! Even though little time is spent in the room during the day, the inspiring views of the morning sunrise can enliven the whole day’s itinerary!

Imagine being with Jesus during the last week of His ministry. We cannot know how disappointed He was at the response – not only of the Jewish leadership in the Temple – but even of His own Disciples. He had to shake His holy head at least a few times and wonder if the boys were ever going to understand what He was doing. Because He knew the hearts of men (as John reminded), I am quite sure He concluded that the only hope was the indwelling of God’s Spirit to get our hard hearts and equally stubborn spirits to yield and understand. Our text today seems to present one of the most enduring problems Jesus had with the Disciples. They could SEE with their physical eyes, but their SPIRITUAL SIGHT was quite limited. They could measure buildings, budgets and bodies in the physical world, but seemed unable to recognize that wasn’t a gauge of obedience and surrender.

Let me put it this way: When believers measure success or impact in ministry by “buildings, budgets and bodies” they miss what God is really all about – spiritually surrendered hearts that show up in mundane daily choices made in holy ways. The same can be said of how God views rewards. When believers have eyes set on the rewards of the physical world and not on God’s way of seeing reward, we may feel disappointed when we see the truth. The problem isn’t that God won’t take care of us – it is that we focus on the wrong part of the coming events in prophetic rewards. God has rewards planned for those who surrender their heart to Him – but the rewards are set in the context of God telling His story – not just affirming us and making us feel good.

Key Principle: Jesus changes the way I view impact, success and reward. Sometimes what the world will call LOSS is actually a spiritual GAIN.

The Problem: Two Examples of the “Wrong View” (Mark 12:41-13:2)

There is a logic behind placing the story of the widow’s mite just ahead of the celebration of the Temple – both focused on the wrong view. Both emphasized the physical and outward appearances of worship, but missed the spiritual realities behind those appearances. Very often the view that we see is not the one we anticipated. We don’t see things the way they are, and we aren’t quick to notice that we don’t see the way things really are!

Look carefully at the two settings in these familiar stories:

Example One: “The poor woman with the coin” (Mark 12:41-44):

Mark 12: 41 And He sat down opposite the treasury, and began observing how the people were putting money into the treasury; and many rich people were putting in large sums. 42 A poor widow came and put in two small copper coins, which amount to a cent. 43 Calling His disciples to Him, He said to them, “Truly I say to you, this poor widow put in more than all the contributors to the treasury; 44 for they all put in out of their surplus, but she, out of her poverty, put in all she owned, all she had to live on.”

Note that Jesus was sitting where it was possible to watch people offer their tithes in the Women’s Court of the Temple (12:41). Jesus began watching HOW MUCH people were giving (12:41b). Along came a “poor widow”, the words likely denoting a woman without a male heir – the Hebrew equivalent for DESTITUTE with the implication of HOPELESSNESS (though this woman was still worshipping and looking forward). Jesus was clear that the woman gave “All that she had to live on.” (12:44). What an act of deep passion. It was not a slight thing – it was a powerful pouring out of the last cent to God. This was a “Hagar moment”, where she was placing the baby to die, giving to God all that she had to give (Genesis 21:15). This was a “woman of Zarephath” story – collecting her sticks to make a fire for a final meal (1 Kings 17:12). This was a powerful story of deep surrender, barely noticed by the rulers of the Temple, overlooked by the Disciples of Jesus – and focused on by God in human skin. God saw it. He recognized the surrendered heart – it cried out to worship and trust Him against all human odds.

The unnamed widow wasn’t like me today. I gave to the Lord in my regular giving – but I kept MOST of what I was given by God to fill my daily requirements. He got SOME, but I got MOST. Look at her offering – He GOT IT ALL! Can you imagine giving the last of your checking, the last of your savings, the last of your retirement, the last of your stocks and bonds, the last of your IRA… ALL of it? Here is a truth I want you to really think about… All of it IS HIS, and all of it MUST BE GIVEN – even if He decides to let us use it in this life. If it is NOT HIS, than I have no right to say that He is my Lord. He is NOT.

What does GIVING ALL look like in contemporary Christian practice? Do I sell all and give it away, living as a pauper? Maybe, but not likely. What it truly means is that you begin to allow the Spirit of God to answer the question, “Lord, since this is all yours, how can I best use these things to honor You?” The Spirit does not remain silent when a surrendered heart asks such a question. Don’t do it if you don’t want the answer – because God will meet those who say they want to meet Him. God will answer with clarity as you grow in faith (i.e. seeing the world as God says it is in His Word.)

Conversely, the Temple authorities were no doubt more impressed by the people of means. Even the Disciples probably barely noticed her until Jesus pointed out that the AMOUNT GIVEN was less significant than the AMOUNT SACRIFICED. Who says God doesn’t keep track? God is much less impressed with the amount that we give, than He is with the amount we keep for ourselves – that makes an impression on Him. Now look at the way this story links to the next…

Example Two: The disciples impressed with the Temple buildings (Mark 13:1-2):

Mark 13:1 As He was going out of the temple, one of His disciples said to Him, “Teacher, behold what wonderful stones and what wonderful buildings!” 2 And Jesus said to him, “Do you see these great buildings? Not one stone will be left upon another which will not be torn down.”

Look at how excited the Disciples were with the PHYSICAL example of THEIR OWN WORK and sacrifice. They were truly impressed with the human expression of love for God so eloquently offered by the work of a generation of Jews at the Second Temple. The pride exuded from their mouths fell flat in front of the Master. He saw an end to the glory of the Temple. He saw a coming day of destruction and it made Him sad. The same view that made the Disciple excited made the Savior sad – and therein is a significant lesson. We don’t see things the way God does much of the time. Years of sacrifice to build a great edifice was not the impressive thing to God. Offering all of what a poor woman had to live on was. God was on a different page than His followers.

When you step back and look at both of these stories – the woman at the treasury and the proud pilgrim disciples – it isn’t hard to see that men see things differently than God does. We get excited about BIGGER gifts – but God gets excited about more SACRIFICIAL gifts. We get excited by MONUMENTS to our God. He gets more excited about SURRENDERED HEARTS.

The Correction: Resetting the Focus (13:3-37)

When our crew is out shooting video, there is a need to constantly check both white balance and focus. If these are not corrected, the final product will either be unfocused (inaccurate) or off colored (shaded and jaded). Jesus knew that if He did not offer corrective refocus to the Disciples, they would be off focus and not recognize how God was going to move ahead in the coming days with the children of Israel.

Jesus was the consummate teacher. He just kept teaching and correcting, patiently explaining “Surrender 101” to the elite corps of future leaders – even when it seemed hopeless. How patient He was with them! He could at least in some small way, take solace that the coming of the Spirit into His followers would sort out the jumble that held their confused minds. He reset the truth in the story by correcting the view. Things for the Jewish people were about to change dramatically. A judicial blindness was about to fall on them. They were about to be spiritually spanked for a time, pass through a horrendous time, and eventually enjoy a national redemption (that is still on the way).

The Question: (Mark 13:3-4)

Mark 13:3 As He was sitting on the Mount of Olives opposite the temple, Peter and James and John and Andrew were questioning Him privately, 4 “Tell us, when will these things be, and what will be the sign when all these things are going to be fulfilled?

Privately, John and Andrew sat beside the Master and wanted to know the answer to a question that was on the minds of Jewish people through the ages – “WHEN will the Jewish people gain the promises God has made to her?” This isn’t the only time the question came up. After the Resurrection, Jesus appeared on the same mountain to the Disciples in Acts 1, and the question was phrased this way: (Acts 1:6) “So when they had come together, they were asking Him, saying, “Lord, is it at this time You are restoring the kingdom to Israel?”

There was no question that the disciples thought anything other than the idea that God was not done with Israel, and that God WOULD LITERALLY FULFILL His promises to Israel at some point. They just wanted to know how long the wait was going to take. Paul spent considerable time addressing that same question in Romans 9-11. It was a central issue on the minds of Jewish believers of the early church. Those who argue that “the sons of Abraham by faith” are now a replacement for the “physical sons of Israel by Abraham’s loins” are not in sync with what the Disciples knew to be true – even after the Resurrection.

Note they asked two questions: WHEN and BY WHAT SIGN they will be exposed. The Disciples wanted to know more than a time line, they wanted a description of events. Jesus obliged and gave them a description of a future, in the context of the Jewish people.

The Description: (Mark 13:5-32)

Mark 13:5 And Jesus began to say to them, “See to it that no one misleads you. 6 “Many will come in My name, saying, ‘I am He!’ and will mislead many.

Jewish witnesses:

One of the difficulties of this passage is the simple word “YOU”. Is Jesus speaking to the Disciples as His followers, or as Jews? Replacement theologians (those who think God is DONE with genetic Israel and has replaced her with “spiritual Israel” after she “rejected her Messiah”) would argue that Jesus was warning believers of end times event. A careful look at Mark doesn’t really offer the necessary pieces to make a conclusion.

Fortunately, Matthew included more detail to this sermon, and offered this note in Matthew 24:15 “Therefore when you see the ABOMINATION OF DESOLATION which was spoken of through Daniel the prophet, standing in the holy place (let the reader understand), 16 then those who are in Judea must flee to the mountains. …20 “But pray that your flight will not be in the winter, or on a Sabbath.” Both Matthew and Mark speak of Daniel’s prophetic announcement of the Abomination of Desolation, and we could show that the whole latter section of Daniel was written to explain to Daniel “what will be for YOUR PEOPLE” and “YOUR CITY” (Daniel 9:24-27), but that isn’t perhaps as clear as the simple statement, “..pray your flight is not on Sabbath.” – which seems to clearly indicate that Jesus was speaking to the men as JEWS.

Who will be tempted to defect:

Where did Jesus begin in his answer to the SIGNS they should watch out for? He started with concern that Jews would be MISLEAD by many other spiritual sounding promises. He warned them repeatedly (cp. Mk. 13:21-22) to be careful about following false redeemers and messiahs instead of staying on course when they found Him. Follow the description Jesus gave:

Mark 13:7 “When you hear of wars and rumors of wars, do not be frightened; those things must take place; but that is not yet the end. 8 “For nation will rise up against nation, and kingdom against kingdom; there will be earthquakes in various places; there will also be famines. These things are merely the beginning of birth pangs.

Jesus opened the subject of FEAR based on NEWS COVERAGE. They would HEAR ABOUT wars and the possibility of coming conflict. He moved from the coverage, to the actual description of real CONFLICTS. The first ones appear to be ETHNIC STRIFE related – as He said “nations” would rise against “nations – the term “ethnos” can refer to ethnic identities in the classical sense of nation. He then moved to a form of the word “basilea” – a “king” to denote strife between legal national entities. Jesus said Jews would HEAR of trouble, then see ETHNIC strife, and then NATIONAL BATTLES.

Mark 13:9 “But be on your guard; for they will deliver you to the courts, and you will be flogged in the synagogues, and you will stand before governors and kings for My sake, as a testimony to them. 10 “The gospel must first be preached to all the nations. 11 “When they arrest you and hand you over, do not worry beforehand about what you are to say, but say whatever is given you in that hour; for it is not you who speak, but it is the Holy Spirit. 12 “Brother will betray brother to death, and a father his child; and children will rise up against parents and have them put to death. 13 “You will be hated by all because of My name, but the one who endures to the end, he will be saved.

At a specific time in the future:

If the message Jesus was offering was to Jewish people, how could it be that THEY became witnesses to Jesus and were hated because of that message? How could that fit the secular and largely agnostic Jewish society that we see today? How could Orthodox Jews, fervent in their faith but resolutely against any discussion about Jesus, end up as witnesses to Him? The TIMING of this event seems to be the key to understanding what Jesus was saying. Bear in mind, we are studying this in the context of Daniel’s prophecy, and Daniel was clear that God spoke concerning Jerusalem, the Jewish people and THEIR COLLECTIVE future. The timing of these events are set in Daniel 9. We cannot avoid it because the verses recall Daniel’s words:

Daniel 9:24 “Seventy weeks have been decreed for your people and your holy city, to finish the transgression, to make an end of sin, to make atonement for iniquity, to bring in everlasting righteousness, to seal up vision and prophecy and to anoint the most holy place.

Daniel was told that the prophecy he was being given would end all other prophecy, and settle the account of sin for Israel, once and for all. It was clearly to Jews and referred to both Jerusalem and the Temple – any other reading strains the text. Keep reading:

Daniel 9:25 “So you are to know and discern that from the issuing of a decree to restore and rebuild Jerusalem until Messiah the Prince there will be seven weeks and sixty-two weeks; it will be built again, with plaza and moat, even in times of distress. 26 “Then after the sixty-two weeks the Messiah will be cut off and have nothing, and the people of the prince who is to come will destroy the city and the sanctuary. And its end will come with a flood; even to the end there will be war; desolations are determined.

No literal reading of the text can miss the fact that Daniel was offered the truth that Jerusalem would be rebuilt, and that would “start the clock” on the coming of Messiah. That coming would bring the Messiah’s DOWNFALL – He would be “cut off”. That “cut off” was linked in time to Jerusalem’s destruction. That destruction was linked to pain, suffering and desolation of the Jewish people and Jerusalem. Keep reading:

Daniel 9:27 “And he will make a firm covenant with the many for one week, but in the middle of the week he will put a stop to sacrifice and grain offering; and on the wing of abominations will come one who makes desolate, even until a complete destruction, one that is decreed, is poured out on the one who makes desolate.”

A “prince to come” is the “he” of verse 27 according to grammatical rules of the antecedent, and Daniel was informed that some future deceptive and temporary prince was coming that would give a respite to Jews for a time, then cause the Temple sacrifices to cease and will offer some open abomination to the Temple precincts – as he attempts to decimate Jewry yet again.

For the sake of time, let’s identify this period based on previous studies we have made in the Word. In 1 Thessalonians 4 and 5, we have previously studied an event that has been popularly named “The Rapture”. The text simply offers that at a time chosen by God, the believers of this time (we call them the church) will be “snatched away” by Jesus when He comes in the clouds – not to the earth – but to call His betrothed to her wedding. We noted that when this event takes place, God will turn His eyes back to His estranged wife, put away for a time to bring the spiritual “harvest of Gentiles” to completion (Luke 21:24; Romans 11:25-26). The times of Tribulation are well documented in Revelation 6-19, and we have studied them in detail, and will begin doing so again in the coming days this winter, Lord willing (stay tuned). The point is this: when the church is removed for her BEMA judgment (another subject we have discussed in 1 and 2 Corinthians) and her wedding feast, God will mark JEWISH PEOPLE that will know Jesus as Savior to share that message with the earth (see Rev. 7 and Rev. 14).  Listen to the description of these witnesses as John offers it in Revelation:

Marked for witness to the lost world in the Tribulation:

Revelation 7:4 And I heard the number of those who were sealed, one hundred and forty-four thousand sealed from every tribe of the sons of Israel: 5 from the tribe of Judah, twelve thousand were sealed, from the tribe of Reuben twelve thousand, from the tribe of Gad twelve thousand, 6 from the tribe of Asher twelve thousand, from the tribe of Naphtali twelve thousand, from the tribe of Manasseh twelve thousand, 7 from the tribe of Simeon twelve thousand, from the tribe of Levi twelve thousand, from the tribe of Issachar twelve thousand, 8 from the tribe of Zebulun twelve thousand, from the tribe of Joseph twelve thousand, from the tribe of Benjamin, twelve thousand were sealed.

I simply mention this passage to show that those who believe God is done with Israel are forced to spiritualize even the clearest references to all things JEWISH: note “Israel” and the names of many sons. Revelation 14 offered a further description:

Revelation 14:1 “Then I looked, and behold, the Lamb was standing on Mount Zion, and with Him one hundred and forty-four thousand, having His name and the name of His Father written on their foreheads. … 3 And they sang a new song before the throne and before the four living creatures and the elders; and no one could learn the song except the one hundred and forty-four thousand who had been purchased from the earth. 4 … These are the ones who follow the Lamb wherever He goes. These have been purchased from among men as first fruits to God and to the Lamb.”

For those not sure it was an actual and specific time, note the character of Jesus’ words:

Mark 13:19 “For those days will be a time of tribulation such as has not occurred since the beginning of the creation which God created until now, and never will. 20 “Unless the Lord had shortened those days, no life would have been saved; but for the sake of the elect, whom He chose, He shortened the days.

What we can see from our study is simply this: The signs that Jesus gave to the Jewish men who were His Disciples – Peter, James and John – were clear. A group of Jewish men and women in some generation would be placed into a time of INTENSE persecution – worse than any previous event on earth. They would possess the belief in Messiah and be given a very special and intimate relationship with God during the earth’s darkest days. They would see the pummeling of the earth of a Tribulation Period, and would experience His protection for the first half of that time. They would be tempted to follow other voices, but God will use them to reach out to His estranged wife when the days of Gentile salvation were completed. Some would be martyred in their faith. Others would endure to the end, believing in the coming of the Son to save them. When He breaks through the clouds, they will see Him, and be saved.

The terror of the Tribulation will APPEAR to be Christ’s message overturned. It will appear as though Jews will be annihilated. It will appear as though the message of the witnesses is false. The Temple will be restored, but then overturned and defiled – and the nations will see it as just another false religion and hopeless God. THEY WILL BE WRONG because they have a physical view of the spiritual world – and it cannot be clearly seen in that way!

The Command: (Mark 13:33-37)

Mark 13:33 “Take heed, keep on the alert; … 35 “Therefore, be on the alert—for you do not know when the master of the house is coming, .. 37 “What I say to you I say to all, ‘Be on the alert!’”

Jesus called on the men to shout down through the ages – stay alert! Don’t give in! Don’t look at life by the physical appearances. Don’t judge the truth with physical eyes! My message is TRUE in the darkest hour. I will prevail. I will not leave My people – no matter how forsaken they feel or how rebellious they have become. See it the way I say it will be! Jesus changes the way I view impact, success and reward. Sometimes what the world will call LOSS is actually a spiritual GAIN.

He Changes Everything: “Word Games” – Mark 12

A few years ago, a new museum at the Natzweiler Memorial Site in the Alsace region of France was dedicated to the heroes of the French resistance for their valiant efforts to defeat the Nazis and liberate Europe. By the time of the Allied invasion of Europe in the Summer of 1944, there were perhaps nine resistance networks fighting as guerrillas armies against the German occupation of France. Crucial to the effort was the radio. Broadcasts, including those sent by Charles de Gaulle from the BBC in England, offered CODES that informed and aided the guerillas. The codes were painstakingly developed and spread, changing regularly to keep the German occupiers and Vichy sympathizers off balance. The words often made little sense in the broadcast, but they communicated clearly to those who had the code. Funny as it sounds, not everyone wanted to hear the words of the liberators when they were under occupation. Some preferred the darker forces of occupation – afraid to lose the benefits they illegally obtained through offering favors to dark agents.

Key Principle: NOT EVERYONE RESPONDS WELL TO THE WORDS THAT WERE GIVEN TO HELP SET THEM FREE.

Did you ever have a conversation with someone that seemed to speak in code? I am not talking about the “secret spy ring and decoder set” that we got from a Crackerjack box in our childhood; I am referring to the person who constantly has a subtext to everything they are saying. It is frustrating to many of us when we are working with people who use language to communicate filth below an innocent conversation – but the fact is that we all live with CODE everyday. The web operates on a code. Television signals and radio signals are translated code. Our very bodies are reproduced DNA code material on display. Today, we understand as those in occupied France long ago, that code is essential. Words matter. Communication is the necessary forerunner of transformation. Fortunately, God is a communicator. He wants to share Himself with us – His Word says so. Unfortunately, not everyone wants to hear God’s Word – or respond as we should.

Here is a day from the life of Jesus that serves to illustrate that principle. Our story picked up on the visit to the Temple from our last study in Mark 11:27-33. That passage reminded us that Jesus “was walking in the temple” when “the chief priests and the scribes and the elders came to Him” (11:27). They challenged Jesus’ authority to have cleared the tables earlier in the week (11:28) and were embarrassed when Jesus forced them into an impossible situation with a question about John the Baptizer (Mark 11:29-33).  Jesus  confounded them, and then refused to help them with an answer to their query.

Some are Antagonized by His Word (12:1-12)

As He continued, Jesus told a story to the crowd about the guilt of men who lead the nation of Israel (12:1-12). The chief priests, scribes and elders were still before Him, though they were no doubt upset that He publicly embarrassed them. Jesus’ words must have seemed like taunting to them! He said:

Mark 12:1 And He began to speak to them in parables: “A man PLANTED A VINEYARD AND PUT A WALL AROUND IT, AND DUG A VAT UNDER THE WINE PRESS AND BUILT A TOWER, and rented it out to vine-growers and went on a journey. 2 “At the harvest time he sent a slave to the vine-growers, in order to receive some of the produce of the vineyard from the vine-growers. 3 “They took him, and beat him and sent him away empty-handed. 4 “Again he sent them another slave, and they wounded him in the head, and treated him shamefully. 5 “And he sent another, and that one they killed; and so with many others, beating some and killing others. 6 “He had one more to send, a beloved son; he sent him last of all to them, saying, ‘They will respect my son.’ 7 “But those vine-growers said to one another, ‘This is the heir; come, let us kill him, and the inheritance will be ours!’ 8 “They took him, and killed him and threw him out of the vineyard. 9 “What will the owner of the vineyard do? He will come and destroy the vine-growers, and will give the vineyard to others. 10 “Have you not even read this Scripture: ‘THE STONE WHICH THE BUILDERS REJECTED, THIS BECAME THE CHIEF CORNER stone; 11 THIS CAME ABOUT FROM THE LORD, AND IT IS MARVELOUS IN OUR EYES’?

Look more closely at what Jesus told the Temple crowd:

Ownership established: First, the owner of the vineyard did a work to responsibly build a property. He planted vines, erected terraces, and built a wine press and watchtower. He owned the property and developed it, so it was now possible to rent it out (Gr. exedeto: out, to let) and leave it in the hands of other men while he attended to other business (12:1). Surely the Elders would have recalled the words of Jeremiah concerning the Temple:

Jeremiah 12:7 God says: “I have forsaken My house,  I have abandoned My inheritance;  I have given the beloved of My soul  Into the hand of her enemies….10 “Many shepherds have ruined My vineyard,  They have trampled down My field;  They have made My pleasant field a desolate wilderness.” The words of Jesus in the Temple stung – but the point was clear: God did much to separate, cultivate and plan for the people of Israel – and they had not become what He intended.

Payment refused: The payment for the use of the vineyard was to be paid by allowing the owner benefits from the harvest (12:2), but the renters refused the rights of the owner (12:3), even becoming violent toward the servants of the owner, sent to collect the goods for payment (12:3b-5). Soon the son of the owner was sent and they reasoned among themselves that killing the son and dumping his body would free them to take the land for themselves (12:6-8). The renters wanted the benefits of another’s property, but didn’t want to offer just payment! Jesus was, no doubt, letting the men knew that He was aware of their desire to eliminate Him – an uncomfortable admission. The very next verse reveals: 12 And they were seeking to seize Him, and yet they feared the people, for they understood that He spoke the parable against them. And so they left Him and went away.

Judgment Initiated: The focus of the story is found in 12:9 in the phrase: “What will the owner of the vineyard do?” The primary point Jesus was making in the story was about the OWNER’S REACTION to their trickery and insubordinate behavior. The judgment that Jesus promised was three-fold: He was going to COME, He was going to DESTROY the wicked rebellious and he would REPLACE them with other workers (12:9) – a later group of elders of the Jewish people that would be prepared to bow their stubborn neck. Zechariah promises that one day (Zechariah 12:10) “And I will pour out on the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and supplication. They will look on me, the one they have pierced, and they will mourn for him as one mourns for an only child, and grieve bitterly for him as one grieves for a firstborn son.” John later identified that one other than Jesus Himself at the time and place of His piercing (in John 19:37).

Essentially, their ANTAGONISM over the Words opened the door for an indictment on four specific infractions: squandering God’s gifts to them,  rejecting messengers instead of following His directions, violence against the messengers of their land owner, and finally murder of the owner’s son. They squandered God’s special provision given to His people – and squandering always leads to something bad. Judgment comes when we squander God’s gifts. We dare not forget that what God gives, He desires accounted. Time, talent and treasure all His to give, and our to use well.

Some people really are ANTAGONIZED by the Word of God…

Boy Suspended for Bringing Bible To School Files Suit

March 31, 2011 by Jonathon M. Seidl

A San Diego-area teen suspended for bringing his Bible to school and talking about his faith has filed a lawsuit against the school district, the superintendent, an assistant principal, and a teacher. In January 2010, 16-year-old Kenneth Dominguez was suspended for two days from Gateway East High School for violating a teacher’s order not to bring his Bible to school and not to discuss his faith with others. Dominguez’s Bible was even confiscated by that teacher, who said Dominguez’s actions violated “separation of church and state:” “He didn’t give any sermons or yell or scream… just sharing his faith with other students. That was it,” Brad Dacus, Dominguez’s attorney, told KGTV, adding that we don’t live in communist China. Even the ACLU is calling the case a “clear” free-speech violation….”

Lawsuit claims students not allowed to carry Bibles

23 May 2000 by Harvey Rice (for the Houston Chronicle)

WILLIS – “School officials were silent Tuesday about a federal lawsuit filed on behalf of three pupils, accusing the Willis school district of refusing to allow children to carry or read the Bible. The lawsuit, filed in Houston, alleges that a teacher at Lynn Lucas Middle School pulled two sisters from class after discovering that they were carrying Bibles and threatened to have them picked up by child-welfare authorities. Another teacher told a pupil he was not allowed to read the Bible during free reading time and forced him to put it away, the lawsuit alleges. The boy also was required to remove a Ten Commandments book cover from another book, the lawsuit states. School district officials did not respond to requests for comment. Mathew Staver, a lawyer whose Liberty Counsel legal defense organization filed the lawsuit Friday on behalf of the three pupils and their parents, said the district was served with the lawsuit Monday. Liberty Counsel is based in Orlando, Fla….”

My point is not to validate either case, I don’t have the facts sufficient to do so. What I do know is this: The Bible is becoming more and more offensive. Not everyone is open to seeing the “Good Book” as all that Good anymore. Some people are ANTAGONIZED by the Word – it that makes them agitated.

Some People are Surprised by His Word (Mark 12:13-17)

The Pharisees and “Herodians”, in a forced alliance from the council, were called on to launch into Jesus. They already decided He wasn’t healthy for Israel, because they came with a trap already set. They brought a question carefully devised to discredit or imperil Jesus before the Romans and the crowds.

Mark 12:13 Then they sent some of the Pharisees and Herodians to Him in order to trap Him in a statement. 14 They came and said to Him, “Teacher, we know that You are truthful and defer to no one; for You are not partial to any, but teach the way of God in truth. Is it lawful to pay a poll-tax to Caesar, or not? 15 “Shall we pay or shall we not pay?” But He, knowing their hypocrisy, said to them, “Why are you testing Me? Bring Me a denarius to look at.” 16 They brought one. And He said to them, “Whose likeness and inscription is this?” And they said to Him, “Caesar’s.” 17 And Jesus said to them, “Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.” And they were amazed at Him.

Jesus was presented with a taxation question. Look at the men’s approach to Jesus: We know you are truthful. We know you “defer” to no one – an impartial teacher. We know you teach the way of God in truth. REALLY? Was that truly their belief? Not at all. People who plant a snare with their heart, set the trap with lying and flattering lips. They betray their guilt by feeling the need to hide behind false compliments. Beware of those who tell you how good you are before they ask you a question!

Jesus was asked about the “poll-tax” (Gr. knsos, a word from which we get CENSUS) was literally, ‘the current coin of tribute,’ which was paid strictly in Roman currency – never local minted money (12:14). Look at His reply! “Why are you TESTING Me?” The crowd smiled as Jesus spoke out what everyone but the dullards in the crowd had already figured out. “Looking for trouble boys? You are going to need to be a bit more slick than that!

Now watch Jesus untangle their twisted hearts with a simple statement. “Whose coin is it? If you look at the image, you will know who owns it!” They saw Tiberius Caesar’s face and knew that Jesus was not telling them to withhold the tax. At the same time, the end of His answer was much more powerful and troubling! What belongs to God? What bears HIS image? If you think for a moment, it will become clearer…Man does….We do! WE belong to God. If we give ourselves to Him, the coins don’t become such a big problem. Rome’s power fades when our love for God eclipses our love for the coin.

During President Clinton’s run for the White House, a staffer hung the declaration of a statement that characterized the campaign. The motto: “It’s the economy STUPID!” Perhaps the church should put a saying on our wall….” It’s the Lord STUPID….but that would not sound nice!

Some of us are like the two men that decided to split everything three ways, giving the Lord His due. They drew a circle on the ground. They decided that whatever fell inside the circle would belong to one of them. Whatever fell outside the circle would belong to the other of them. Whatever stayed up in the air and did not land was God’s

Look at the end of the passage in Mark 12:17. It closes with “And they were amazed at Him.” The term AMAZED (exothumadzo was from thaúma, “a wonder, marvel”) – they were literally “outwardly dumbstruck”.  The passage doesn’t say the CROWD was dumbstruck. The context argues the questioners were! Some people are AMAZED at the Word – but that doesn’t make them believers.

Some People are Mistaken about His Word (Mark 12:18-27)

Now off the bench come the Sadducees, attempting to divide the audience by posing a complicated sounding question to see if they could get Jesus to lose popular support.

Mark 12:18 Some Sadducees (who say that there is no resurrection) came to Jesus, and began questioning Him, saying, 19 “Teacher, Moses wrote for us that IF A MAN’S BROTHER DIES and leaves behind a wife AND LEAVES NO CHILD, HIS BROTHER SHOULD MARRY THE WIFE AND RAISE UP CHILDREN TO HIS BROTHER. 20 “There were seven brothers; and the first took a wife, and died leaving no children. 21 “The second one married her, and died leaving behind no children; and the third likewise; 22 and so all seven left no children. Last of all the woman died also. 23 “In the resurrection, when they rise again, which one’s wife will she be? For all seven had married her.” 24 Jesus said to them, “Is this not the reason you are mistaken, that you do not understand the Scriptures or the power of God? 25 “For when they rise from the dead, they neither marry nor are given in marriage, but are like angels in heaven. 26 “But regarding the fact that the dead rise again, have you not read in the book of Moses, in the passage about the burning bush, how God spoke to him, saying, ‘I AM THE GOD OF ABRAHAM, AND THE GOD OF ISAAC, and the God of Jacob’? 27 “He is not the God of the dead, but of the living; you are greatly mistaken.”

Pastor Clark Tanner wrote: “Faulty religion is a strong prison and a deceptive one. The walls are invisible making them feel they are free but they are blind and deaf and ignorant and unable even to ask the right questions. — I was once part of a church that seemed to have a great deal of good going for it. It was founded about 10 years before I came there, by a group of men who had all attended the same prestigious Baptist seminary but wanted to start an independent church. They were sincere and dedicated men, but early in their association they had decided on a certain point of doctrine that was based on a skewed understanding of one passage of scripture, and it became a main point of focus for them … I do not know how many others were hurt by this stubborn exclusivity among this church’s leaders but I do know that much potential for service and glory to God was lost to that assembly as a result.” (sermon central illustrations). I especially noted the part where he said “it became a main point of focus for them.” That was true of the Sadducean party for sure.

Don’t leave the story until you note that Jesus’ argument was based on the accuracy of the Word of the Torah. The seed God spread on Israel’s ground was not the problem – the soil was the problem (cp. Mt. 13). Jesus simply told them “YOU ARE MISTAKEN!” Some people are MISTAKE about the Word – and their confusion keeps them from the truth.

Some People Reaching out toward His Word (Mark 12:28-32)

Mark 12:28 One of the scribes came and heard them arguing, and recognizing that He had answered them well, asked Him, “What commandment is the foremost of all?” 29 Jesus answered, “The foremost is, ‘HEAR, O ISRAEL! THE LORD OUR GOD IS ONE LORD; 30AND YOU SHALL LOVE THE LORD YOUR GOD WITH ALL YOUR HEART, AND WITH ALL YOUR SOUL, AND WITH ALL YOUR MIND, AND WITH ALL YOUR STRENGTH.’ 31 “The second is this, ‘YOU SHALL LOVE YOUR NEIGHBOR AS YOURSELF.’ There is no other commandment greater than these.” 32 The scribe said to Him, “Right, Teacher; You have truly stated that HE IS ONE, AND THERE IS NO ONE ELSE BESIDES HIM; 33 AND TO LOVE HIM WITH ALL THE HEART AND WITH ALL THE UNDERSTANDING AND WITH ALL THE STRENGTH, AND TO LOVE ONE’S NEIGHBOR AS HIMSELF, is much more than all burnt offerings and sacrifices.” 34 When Jesus saw that he had answered intelligently, He said to him, “You are not far from the kingdom of God.” After that, no one would venture to ask Him any more questions.

The most promising story of the whole chapter is the one about the scribe above. This man was CLOSE to understanding the Word as God intended it. The man answered correctly, and intelligent and accurate answer. I always find it funny when we sound smart simply because we are mimicking the Word of God! The Psalmist exclaimed: (119:100) “I understand more than the aged,  Because I have observed Your precepts.” Some people are REACHING TOWARD the Word – but that isn’t enough to get them to believe yet.

Some People are ENTERTAINED by His Word (Mark 12:35-37)

Mark 12:35 And Jesus began to say, as He taught in the temple, “How is it that the scribes say that the Christ is the son of David? 36 “David himself said in the Holy Spirit, ‘THE LORD SAID TO MY LORD, “SIT AT MY RIGHT HAND, UNTIL I PUT YOUR ENEMIES BENEATH YOUR FEET.”’ 37 “David himself calls Him ‘Lord’; so in what sense is He his son?” And the large crowd enjoyed listening to Him.

Sitting on the sidelines of the theological debates between Jesus and the theologians of the Temple was ENTERTAINING! The crowd enjoyed watching the sparring – especially when it cost them nothing in commitment, surrender or attitude! Some people ENJOY hearing the Word – but that doesn’t make them followers.

Some People Like Imitating the Sound of His Word (Mark 12:38-40)

Mark 12:38 In His teaching He was saying: “Beware of the scribes who like to walk around in long robes, and like respectful greetings in the market places, 39 and chief seats in the synagogues and places of honor at banquets, 40 who devour widows’ houses, and for appearance’s sake offer long prayers; these will receive greater condemnation.” 

Men of great prayers, the scribes Jesus referred to could quote the Word and include it in long and lofty prayers. Sadly, the prayers weren’t addressing God – they were to impress men. Some people CAN QUOTE the Word – but that doesn’t make them godly.

Not everyone responds correctly to the truth when it is given to them. The right response is NOT to QUOTE it, NOT to ENJOY it, NOT to REACH TOWARD it, NOT to be CONFUSED by it, ANTAGONIZED or AMAZED by it. The right response it to be CHANGED by it – that is where surrender comes in.

The playlet entitled ‘The Long Silence’ offers a compelling case for our surrender:

At the end of time, billions of people were scattered on a great plain before God’s throne. Most shrank back from the brilliant light before them. But some groups near the front talked heatedly – not with cringing shame, but with belligerence. ‘Can God judge us? How can he know about suffering?’ snapped a pert young brunette. She ripped open a sleeve to reveal a tattooed number from a Nazi concentration camp. ‘We endured terror … beatings … torture … death!” In another group an African-American boy lowered his collar. ‘What about this?’ he demanded, showing an ugly rope burn. ‘Lynched … for no crime but being black!’ In another crowd, a pregnant schoolgirl with sullen eyes. ‘Why should I suffer’ she murmured, ‘It wasn’t my fault.’ Far out across the plain there were hundreds of such groups. Each had a complaint against God for the evil and suffering he permitted in his world. How lucky God was to live in heaven where all was sweetness and light, where there was no weeping or fear, no hunger or hatred. What did God know of all that man had been forced to endure in this world? For God leads a pretty sheltered life, they said. So each of these groups sent forth their leader, chosen because he had suffered the most. A Jew, an African-American, a person from Hiroshima, a horribly deformed arthritic, a thalidomide child. In the center of the plain they consulted with each other. At last they were ready to present their case. It was rather clever. Before God could be qualified to be their judge, he must endure what they had endured. Their decision was that God should be sentenced to live on earth – as a man!

‘Let him be born a Jew. Let the legitimacy of his birth be doubted. Give him a work so difficult that even his family will think him out of his mind when he tries to do it. Let him be betrayed by his closest friends. Let him face false charges, be tried by a prejudiced jury and convicted by a cowardly judge. Let him be tortured. At last, let him see what it means to be terribly alone. Then let him die. Let him die so that there can be no doubt that he died. Let there be a great host of witnesses to verify it.’

As each leader announced his portion of the sentence, loud murmurs of approval went up from the throng of people assembled. And when the last had finished pronouncing sentence, there was a long silence. No-one uttered another word. No-one moved. For suddenly all knew that God had already served his sentence. (Pastor Steven Chapman, Sermon Central illustrations)

Grasping God's Purpose: ”The God that Will Be Known” – Exodus 7-12

When we left off in our story in the Biblical account of the Exodus, we were standing on a hill overlooking the ancient cities of Pithom and Ramses in Egypt. We were watching a drama play out between three men. First in our scene was the mighty ruler of Egypt, the Pharaoh of the most powerful nation of his day. He was a world leader with unparalleled strength on his continent — a man groomed for destiny. Standing before him, day after day, were two old men, neither powerfully dressed nor imposing in their appearance. One was dressed, in fact, in the garb of a Midianite shepherd. The other stood before Pharaoh with the meager arraignment of the slave classes.

From our perch, we watched as plague upon plague fell upon the Egyptians from Heaven to show them that the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob was not One among peers — but God above all that was worshipped by their society. The point of this whole section of the story, as we pointed out, was God on the move – exposing WHO He is to lost men. We kept asking the nagging question… “How will the whole world know our God?”

The fact is that we find ourselves in this time and place of history in sort of the same place Moses and Aaron did. We are surrounded by men and women who sacrifice all to the pagan gods of fortune, fame, power and pleasure. They do not think there is a God above them beyond the self-made and carefully sculpted gods they have bowed before. They worship money, celebrity, amusement and sexuality. Some barely mask their worship. It is fed by publishing houses, television networks, film makers and entertainment industry specialists the world over. Advertisers appeal to the sensual nature of these who are completely ensnared and often totally oblivious. Standing before the “mass of the powerful” are a few believers who know and love the God that created all things. What’s more, we were called to powerfully demonstrated Who this God is before those all about us. We were not called to JOIN them nor JUDGE them… We were called to REACH them.

We must remember that God has taken the time and energy to expose Who He is and how we can know Him. He began the process in the Garden after man sinned, and expanded the knowledge of Himself over time. Today, we will trace three paths that God wants to establish to Himself: He is at the end of each path… drawing men from their darkness into the warmth and light of His presence. The first path is one for the strong follower that needs to be led by a powerful God in the midst of dangers and disappointments; the second is the weak believer that needs to grow strong in his trust of God’s plan and direction; a third is the path for the nonbeliever that needs a relationship with his Creator.

Key Principle: God is reaching out to men and women – but they must learn to see Him through the dust the world is kicking up around them!

Go back with me to the story. Before we go too far, take out your Bible and look closely at these names. Go back to Exodus 6:13 and look at the words: Then the LORD spoke to Moses and to Aaron, and gave them a charge to the sons of Israel and to Pharaoh king of Egypt, to bring the sons of Israel out of the land of Egypt.” Mark the three characters – the so called three players: Moses/Aaron (the strong believers), the Israelites, though at times you will want to place Aaron here! (weak but growing believers), and the Egyptians and Pharaoh (unbelievers).

Now turn to Exodus 7:5 and look at God’s purpose in all that He did: “The Egyptians shall know that I am the LORD, when I stretch out My hand on Egypt and bring out the sons of Israel from their midst.” The one purposeGod had in the whole story of the plagues is obvious: The formula ” … that you may know that I am the Lord … ,” or something similar to it appears eleven times (in Exodus 6:2, 6, 7, 8, 28; 7:5, 17; 8:10, 22; 9:14; and 10:2).

Now think through the plagues we read about last time we were together, did you also noticethree patterns: The story offers a way for God to show some important distinctionsGod makes with people. The Biblical truth is that God doesn’t see all people in the same way, nor does He deal with them in the same way. NO! God distinguishes:

In Plagues 1-3: The Lord distinguishes between his servants, Moses and Aaron, and the servants of the Egyptian gods, the magicians.

  • 1st Plague: 7:14-19. Water to Blood- Both the Nile and stored water was affected.

  • 2nd Plague: 8:1-15Frogs Everywhere!

  • 3rd Plague: 8:16-19 Lice, Sand Flea or Chigger Infestation

Although the Egyptian magiciansduplicate the first two plagues (7:11, 22), they cannot reverse the effects (8:8), and they cannot duplicate the third plague (8:18), finally recognizing “the fingerof God” (8:19). In each of these plagues, God acts through Moses and Aaron!

In Plagues 4-6: The Lord distinguished between his people, the Israelites, and the Egyptians.

  • 4th Plague: 8:20-32 Flies everywhere!

  • 5th Plague: 9:1-7 Death of the Livestock.

  • 6th Plague: 9:8-12 Boils on the Egyptian People and Animals not killed with the livestock.

While the first three plagues affected allof Egypt, the next three don’t impact the land of Goshen, where the Israelites live (8:22-23). In the fourth and fifth, God acts directly though Moses prays!

In Plagues 7-9: The Lord distinguished between Himself and everyone else.

  • 7th plague: 9:13-35 Hail.

  • 8th Plague: 10:1-20 TheLocusts.

  • 9th Plague: 10:21-29 Plague of Darkness

In these plagues, he demonstrates that “there is no one like Me in all the earth” (9:14); therefore, the severity of the plagues is without precedent (9:18, 9:24, 10:6, 10:14).

In The 10th plague: The Lord distinguished himself again in this plague. Moses (11:3), the Israelites (11:7) and the Lord (11:6) are all differentiated again.

  • 10th Plague: Death of the Firstborn Children and protected cattle (11:1-10).

The Lord executed the 10th plague Himselfand not through Moses or Aaron (12:12). Potentially all people could have been affected, but the difference He made was through the instruction of the blood on the door or tent post. This showed clearly that people had the opportunity to be saved from destruction, but they needed to demonstrate faith by obedience to God’s Word. Those who didn’t were treated very differently from those who did. Even weak believersthat obeyed were cared for by God.

This seems like a lot of review, but it is critical to summarize what God showed the people in order for us to see the Biblical point of the story. Careful combining of the ingredients of the text gives us the opportunity to taste extraordinarily of the richness of what God wants us to know. Haphazard observation makes poor spiritual food.

What God said in the ten plagues, as we studied them was this:

You can’t trust the daily source of your sustenance of the past (Nile); nor the source of your comfort and personal relief (frogs eating flies). Your superstitions (insects) are worthless and your economy a house of cards(cattle). Your education, health care and technology (magician’s boils) can’t save you from God’s power, nor can you have confidence that your leaders and family (death of first born) will be able to remain strong in the face of the troubles. Resist the God of the Hebrews and suffer! Follow Him and LIVE!

The gods of men are self-made and offer no ultimate rescue. The gods of our culture are NO DIFFERENT than the many gods of the ancient Egyptians. Look at the way our pagan gods fail us today!

  • Richesfade in the hospital room of the dying.

  • Celebritymeans little when the lights go down and the crowd disperses. This is the reason so many athletes find it nearly impossible to deal with the off season or an injury that takes them from the spotlight.

  • Poweris fleeting. At the dawn of my life, Americans once believed we would have decades of Kennedys in leadership over the country. Two cut down by assassin’s bullets, a third marked in scandal, a son crushed in a freak accident – and they were off the stage of leadership.

  • The god of entertainmentand pleasurerequires an ever committed legion of followers to pay greater and greater personal costs to stay entertained. Who doesn’t know a young person that has fallen into the electronic rabbit hole that eats all his energy and accomplishment in a video game? How many are so busy searching for a friend on Facebook that they cannot develop a single real and touchable human relationship – because they need to keep “channel surfing” for a better and more interesting friend.

Fortune, fame, power and pleasure are the gods made by men. They are hungry for more allegiance—they are insatiable. Sadly, in times of trouble, they offer no rescue. In times of JOY they offer no relationship. They are cold gods – stones shaped by human hands.

From the lessons of the plagues we can grab incredible truths:

Truth #1. God revealed to the strong follower (Moses) that even He needs to be led by a powerful God.

Watch the growth of Moses as he learned to trust God, and you will see a movie about growing mature in the Lord.

  • Look where Moses started! Exodus 3 records that when God called him, Moses could ONLY SEE HIMSELF and all his flaws and weaknesses. God reminded him: Exodus 3:10 “Therefore, come now, and I will send you to Pharaoh, so that you may bring My people, the sons of Israel, out of Egypt.” 11 But Moses said to God, “Who am I, that I should go to Pharaoh, and that I should bring the sons of Israel out of Egypt?” 12 And He said, “Certainly I will be with you, and this shall be the sign to you that it is I who have sent you: when you have brought the people out of Egypt, you shall worship God at this mountain.” That is where we begin in our walk with God. He tells us He called us. He offers us a way to walk with Him and have a daily walk with Him. We jerk back, and He shows us that He is ready to walk with us.

  • Follow Moses forward. Exodus 4 tells of how God walked the weak beginner Moses through seeing His power – a stick comes to life and a hand withers… Moses learned that God isn’t unable to accomplish what He calls us to do with Him.

  • When Moses walked in on Pharaoh in Exodus 5, he had every reason to believe that God’s power would push Pharaoh to an immediate response. It did – but not a repentant one. Moses heard the PROMISES of God in the call… but he didn’t listen to the PROBLEMS of the call – the truth was already revealed that PHAROAOH WOULD NOT LISTEN! God said it, but Moses didn’t hear it.

Henry Blackaby once wrote, “When God was ready to judge the world with a flood, He came to Noah. When He desired to build a nation for Himself, He turned to Abraham. When He heard His children groaning under Egyptian bondage, He appeared in a burning bush to Moses. They were three of the most ordinary of men. But God had work to do, and He knew just who to do it with. God has always given His people assignments that are too big for them to handle alone, so that a watching world can see—not what we can do—but what God can do.”

  • Keep following Him, and you will see Moses growing up in FAITH right before your eyes. From the despair of the end of Exodus 5:22 “Then Moses returned to the LORD and said, “O Lord, why have You brought harm to this people? Why did You ever send me? 23 “Ever since I came to Pharaoh to speak in Your name, he has done harm to this people, and You have not delivered Your people at all.” Moses kept moving ahead. God was teaching him to trust.

Follow Him through Exodus 6 – 7 – 8 – 9 – 10 – 11 and into 12. Here is what you will read. Time and again “The Lord told Moses to go and speak” and a verse or two later… “And Moses went to Pharaoh and said…” He got it. He learned that God meant what He said. He learned that things looked out of control, but God was sculpting a plan.

WHY NOT JUST WIN ON THE FIRST ROUND? Because God isn’t just showing the world Who He is – He is teaching US as well. We need the troubles. We need the defeat… and YES, we need the despair. We need things to be tough to see God’s Word in action. WE NEED TO BE LED BY A POWERFUL GOD. Muscles are best seen when things break down and someone strong needs to push!

Truth #2. God revealed to the weaker believer that needs to grow strong in his walk that God was able to work through men to accomplish great things, even when it didn’t look like things were going well.

Maybe you don’t see yourself as a Moses. Maybe you don’t see the strength to move ahead based solely on God’s Word. It is good to also note that God’s power was not lost on the Israelites, they too learned that God is able and resourceful!

January 6, 1850, was bitterly cold in Colchester, England, a hard-biting blizzard keeping most worshipers at home. At the Primitive Methodist Chapel on Artillery Street only about a dozen showed up. When it became apparent that even the pastor would not arrive, an unlettered man rose and spoke haltingly from Isaiah 45:22, Look unto me, and be ye saved, all the ends of the earth: for I am God, and there is none else. Then the crowd dispersed, thinking the day’s service a loss—not realizing that a fifteen-year-old boy had ducked into the room to escape the snowstorm, and, hearing the sermon, had been converted.

Years later that boy, Charles Haddon Spurgeon, wrote: “Don’t hold back because you cannot preach in St. Paul’s; be content to talk to one or two in a cottage. You may cook in small pots as well as in big ones. Little pigeons can carry great messages. Even a little dog can bark at a thief, wake up the master, and save the house.… Do what you do right thoroughly, pray over it heartily, and leave the result to God.” (Nelson’s Complete Book of Stories, Illustrations and Quotes).

3. God revealed Himself to the non-believer that needs a relationship with his Creator.

Pharaoh was an arrogant and stubborn man. He saw himself as the King in his own land, and in his own life! He is used to getting his own way.

Many people come into a religious audience or church congregation in America today just like Pharaoh. It may be why some of you are listening right now. Your problems are buckling your legs, and you are hoping if you do right for an hour, God’ll back off.

Be careful! Proverbs warns us of the consequences of a hard heart. Proverbs 29:1 says, “He who is often rebuked, and hardens his neck, Will suddenly be destroyed, and that without remedy.” That is pretty sobering.

Did you notice in Pharaoh’s example were responses of a Hardened Heart. Such a heart can continue to:

Defy God: The “Ignore it and Hope it goes away” method. Water to Blood (read 7:23-25):

7:23 Then Pharaoh turned and went into his house with no concern even for this. 24 So all the Egyptians dug around the Nile for water to drink, for they could not drink of the water of the Nile. 25 Seven days passed after the LORD had struck the Nile.

This is a silent way of Defying God! Remember, Pharaoh’s initial response was, “Who is the LORD that I should obey his voice?” (Exodus 5:2)

Delay God: “We can obey God … tomorrow” method. Frogs (Read 8:8-10):

8:8 Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron and said, “Entreat the LORD that He remove the frogs from me and from my people; and I will let the people go, that they may sacrifice to the LORD.” 9 Moses said to Pharaoh, “The honor is yours to tell me: when shall I entreat for you and your servants and your people, that the frogs be destroyed from you and your houses, {that} they may be left only in the Nile?” 10 Then he said, “Tomorrow.” So he said, “{May it be} according to your word, that you may know that there is no one like the LORD our God.

So he said, “Tomorrow.” In Pharaoh’s reactions we see the mistakes that individuals make to day when things get difficult in their lives. In times of difficulty, they put God off. He puts off submitting to God until the last possible moment. “Tomorrow” he says will be soon enough.

Phil Yancey wrote: “Living in Colorado, I climb mountains. Colorado has 54 mountains rising above 14,000 ft and every summer I climb some of them. On a summer weekend in the mountains, I see casual hikers who have no idea what they are doing. In sandals, shorts, and T-shirts, carrying a single container of water, they start up a trail at mid-morning. They have no map, no compass, and no rain gear. They also have no apparent knowledge of the lightning storms that roll in many summer afternoons, making it imperative to summit before noon and head for the safety of the timberline (the elevation in a mountainous region above which trees do not grow).


My neighbor, who volunteers for Alpine Rescue, has told me hair-raising stories of tourists who must be rescued from certain death after wandering off a trail, falling, or simply being exposed to a sudden hailstorm or 30-degree drop in temperature. Nevertheless, regardless of the circumstances, Alpine Rescue always responds to a call for help.
Not once have they lectured a hapless tourist, “Well, since you obviously ignored the most basic rules of the wilderness, you’ll just have to sit here and bear the consequences. We won’t assist you.”


Their mission is rescue, and so they pursue every needy hiker in the wilderness, no matter how undeserving. A whistle, a cry, a flashing mirror, a bonfire, an “SOS spelled out in pine branches, a message of distress from a cell phone – any of these signals will cause Alpine Rescue to mobilize teams of medically trained searchers.


I have come to see the central message of the Bible, too, as one of rescue. In the book of Romans, Paul takes pains to point out that none of us ’deserve’ God’s mercy and none of us can save ourselves. Like a stranded hiker, all we can do it call for help.
A hardened park ranger could look at the efforts of Alpine Rescue as indulging the bad habits of irresponsible tourists. Shouldn’t they spend their energy instead handing out rewards to hikers who follow the rules? (“God, I thank you that I am not like other men – robbers, evildoers, adulterers,” prayed the Pharisees.)


When I posed such a question to my neighbor, she looked at me uncomprehending. “But our business is rescue!” she said. “Do you expect us to leave any hiker stranded in the wilderness? I don’t care who they are – they need help.” (“In the same way,” said Jesus, “I tell you, there is rejoicing in the presence of the angels of God over one sinner who repents
.Philip Yancey, Rumors of Another World, pp.154-55

Deal With God: “I will submit to God on my terms” method. Insects (Read 8:24-28):

8:24 … And there came great swarms of flies into the house of Pharaoh and the houses of his servants and the land was laid waste because of the swarms of flies in all the land of Egypt. 25 Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron and said, “Go, sacrifice to your God within the land.” 26 But Moses said, “It is not right to do so, for we will sacrifice to the LORD our God what is an abomination to the Egyptians. If we sacrifice what is an abomination to the Egyptians before their eyes, will they not then stone us? 27 “We must go a three days’ journey into the wilderness and sacrifice to the LORD our God as He commands us.” 28 Pharaoh said, “I will let you go, that you may sacrifice to the LORD your God in the wilderness; only you shall not go very far away. Make supplication for me.”

Pharaoh here offers twodifferent bargains to God and His followers. These proposals strangely parallel offers that Satan makes a believer today:

  • The first deal we will call the “Partial Obedience Deal”: You can serve God, but keep one foot in the world (8:25).

  • The second deal we will call the “Partial Commitment Deal” (8:28): Stay where you can see the world (8:28) You can leave, but please “leave with one eye still on Egypt”.

Dent Without Dedication(9:27-30, 35): The ever popular “convicted without commitment” method. Hail. (Read 9:20, 27-28, 34-35):

9:20 The one among the servants of Pharaoh who feared the word of the LORD made his servants and his livestock flee into the houses… 27 Then Pharaoh sent for Moses and Aaron, and said to them, ” I have sinned this time; the LORD is the righteous one, and I and my people are the wicked ones. 28 “Make supplication to the LORD, for there has been enough of God’s thunder and hail; and I will let you go, and you shall stay no longer.”

Note that Pharaoh felt bad, but he made no change. Being convicted of our sins is not the same as being saved from our sins. You can sit in a service with tears streaming down your face because of the deep conviction of your sins, but that does not save you. It takes more than conviction – it take commitment. To be delivered from our sins we must commit ourselves to the Lord.

“You may be in the danger zone …..You have played fast and loose with your life, ignoring warning after warning. You have shoved aside essential truths for so long that your heart has become hardened. And the longer you harden it, the more difficult it will be to allow God’s light to finally break through.” [Charles Swindoll. Moses: A Man of Selfless Dedication. (Nashville: Word, 1999) p. 188].

God is reaching out to men and women – but they must learn to see Him through the dust the world is kicking up around them!

He Changes Everything: "Gods and Generals" – Mark 11:27-33

In 2003, Ted Turner provided a $65 million budget to the film later named “Gods and Generals”. The film followed the personal life and military career of Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson, the eccentric Confederate general, from the outbreak of the Civil War to the end of his contribution to the effort at its halfway point. Jackson was on a night ride with his staff to investigate the grounds of battle and was accidentally shot by his own soldiers in May 1863 while commanding at the Battle of Chancellorsville. It wasn’t the only time a commander was shot at by his own troops. Sadly, it even happened quite intentionally in history.

Just a few weeks ago we read in the news: “Efforts by insurgents to topple Muammar Gaddafi were in disarray last night after a senior Libyan opposition figure admitted that rebel soldiers were responsible for the murder of their most senior army commander. The transitional government’s oil minister said that General Abdel Fatah Younis had been shot dead by Islamist-linked militia within the anti-Gaddafi forces, provoking fears of future unrest and instability among those fighting the old regime.” (Independent.ie July 31, 2011).

The fact is that men don’t want to have an authority over them. They tolerate people in charge, but they don’t like having their freedom sails trimmed. They don’t want someone telling them what to do, even if they tell others what to do. As it is on earth, so it is with man’s view of Heaven. They don’t want to be told what to do – even if God is speaking. We desire to be the general of our own life – the commander of our own destiny. Men do not reject the idea of a Creator, they reject the idea of a Master. They are fine with a benevolent God that loves them and cares for them –a Santa in the sky. At the same time, the notion that the Creator may have some plan He is working out is somewhat comforting to them – as long as they are individually allowed to live as they please.

That truth applies to RELIGIOUS MEN. They are fine with a system that ostensibly brings honor to God, as long as they CONTROL IT. They begin with a sense that they are going to do something significant for His purpose. As they enter the system, sooner or later they slide into the control games that are characteristic of religious life. Many men of the cloth have said it: “The most perilous danger to their walk with God is their religious life.” The rigors of performance overdrive the heart in short order, and it becomes more about the system and the performance than the surrender and the touching of the heart of God. That happened long ago in the Temple in Jerusalem.

One day, God in human skin walked into His own Temple. It sounds like the set up for a joke…”A guy walked into a Temple..” but it is NOT a joke. It happened. God showed up, and instead of offering Him a seat, the leaders were more interested in showing Him the door – because God rocked the system in favor of real relationship and connection. Transport back in time with me and you will see how serious a thing it was…

The Scene of the Test – the Temple at Jerusalem

Mark offers a glimpse into this deep rooted rebellious and stubborn heart in a simple story set in the last week of Jesus’ ministry on earth before the Cross. Our story opens in Mark 11:27: “They came again to Jerusalem. And as He was walking in the temple, the chief priests and the scribes and the elders came to Him…”

Don’t skip too quickly past the scene. The setting and the players has EVERYTHING to do with the lesson of the passage… First, they made their way back to Jerusalem, a city where God set His name on a Holy Mountain, and a city that had seen the devil dance as prophets were stoned. Much of Jewish history celebrates great times when God walked with men of faith:

  • Joab saw God’s hand as he climbed up inside the water system of Jebus and was able to valiantly fight for the city and hand it to his king – David (2 Samuel 5). The Jebusite city gave way to what appeared to be its earlier name – the city of peace. “Ir” (city) and “Shalem” (derivative form of peace) were combined as Jerusalem.

  • Solomon celebrated a moment of ecstacy as the cloud of the Living God of all Creation descended upon the Temple built over seven longs years and now dedicated for God’s worship (1 Kings 6-8).

  • Isaiah brought God’s Word to the sour and saddened eyes of Hezekiah as the Assyrians surrounded the city. God promised the city would be spared and the Assyrian king would pay for his insolence. The hills about Jerusalem echoed with the sound of the fleeing troops as God’s people celebrated the deliverance from the hand of their Heavenly King.

  • Though oft forsaken, there were memories of men like King Josiah who were deeply chastened by the Word of the Lord found within the precincts of the Temple. His refitting of that Temple opened up the coffers of God’s precious Word and drew the people back to God.

Jerusalem wasn’t always a dead religious place. Many stories tell of its past dependence upon God – and softness from the hand of God.

Second, note the verse says that “as Jesus was walking in the Temple, the leadership came to Him”. They did not come to welcome Him, but to QUESTION Him. Religious men are worried about control and order. This one looked like trouble. A careful look at the passage will show they weren’t really interested in His answers – for they were not about to accept them at face value anyway. It is interesting that the “test case” hearts were not in those of the publicans or prostitutes – those so often thought of as in vital need of redemption. Instead, Mark is transfixed with the hard hearts of the leaders of the Jewish people. He names different kinds of leaders, and we should be familiar with them:

  • Chief priests: Beneath the High Priest (HaCohen Hagaddol) there had been established in the Second Temple an elaborate hierarchy of temple personnel, designed to operate the Temple more efficiently. The chief priests were an exclusive group, reported to number about 200 in the first century — all Jews of exceptional birth. The captain of the temple, second in rank to the high priest, officiated over the organizational detail of the chief priests – including supervision of their Temple activities. Ranking chief priests had charge of the daily and Shabbat services, while others held the post of supervisor of the Temple treasury and maintenance of the sacred vessels.

  • Scribes: The term originated after the Babylonian exile in the time of a need for both translators and interpreters of official texts and Biblical ones. They became public amanuenses – copyists of Scripture and eventually took on the role of teachers of the Torah. As a result, the term “scribes” in the Greek is “grammateus”, a rough translation of the Hebrew “sopher” derived from “sepher” or “book”. They copied, read aloud, translated, explained and at times protected the law. Other duties included the accounting (“cipher”) of work done and goods paid, etc. Their latter name, “Hakamin” – (learned) denotes the growth of their importance into the Sages. They were NOT a sect but more a profession.

 

  • Elders: the term “presbuteroi” probably refers to the Patriarchal heads of families that were consulted in Temple administration. The Talmud reminds us of three chief families of the period, or which the household of Hannan – Annas and Caiphas, was one. Ezra 3 recognized the place of these men: “Yet many of the priests and Levites and heads of fathers’ households, the old men who had seen the first temple, wept with a loud voice when the foundation of this house was laid before their eyes, while many shouted aloud for joy…”

It was approaching mid-week, and our hind sight look allows us to note that Jesus was set to be on the Cross by Friday morning. Time was running out. Jesus saw how the men who led in the Second Temple were acting, scurrying about as the Passover crowds gathered in anticipation of both the memory of the past salvation (the story of the Exodus) and some pushier ones were anticipating Jesus acting on their behalf in a new salvation (kicking out the Romans as they expressed with their palm branches the previous Sunday).

The Subject of the Test – Authority and Submission

With his usual attention to succinct presentation, Mark blasts right into the scene with the problem the leaders wanted to dialogue with Jesus about: His authority. From the Biblical perspective this was both dramatic and ironic – that the Master would be questioned as to His authority in a Temple erected to worship the Godhead of which He Himself was a part. The text indicates more than one related question was delivered to Jesus:

Demanding Answers:

Mark 11:28 and began saying to Him, “By what authority are You doing these things, or who gave You this authority to do these things?”

Though related, the two questions are not identical. The first one (By what authority are You doing these things”) assumed that Jesus should justify the RELATIONSHIPHe had with One in charge. The second question (“Who gave You this authority?”) questioned whether He was OBEDIENTor going rogue and working outside the relationship with One in charge.

Here is the issue at the heart of this text, and at the heart of many people’s religious rebellion. They accept that there may be a God to worship, but they fundamentally challenge His right to demand any standard in their lives. Here is the first question: Does Jesus possess the right to demand you change what you are doing? Does He have the right if many religious authorities say it is ok? If He has the right, what is the right based upon? As you may have guessed the Biblical answer is that HE DOES HAVE THE RIGHT TO DEMAND CHANGE, and that His right to do so IS BASED ON HIS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE FATHER.

Here is the second question: Does Jesus act in accordance with the Father’s will, or does He represent some “second way to God”? Is the God of Abraham some kind of LAW GOD and the Jesus of the “New Testament” some kind of LIBERTINE GOD that tossed out the rules of relationships based in the Law? If that sounds strange to you, that is the message of the social Gospel in many parts of the “church” today – that Jesus loves everyone and expects nothing. God USED to have laws, but that was for primitive man. Now we are sophisticated and educated, technological and accomplished. We have walked on the moon, and now the “Maker of the stars” bows before our social whims and breaks down the taboos in the name of “endless love and grace” that demands nothingbut my fulfillment and self-satisfaction.

Paul offered the answer to both questions when He wrote to the Philippians much later in the second chapter of his letter:

Phil. 2:5-8 “Think of yourselves the way Christ Jesus thought of himself. He had equal status with God but didn’t think so much of himself that he had to cling to the advantages of that status no matter what. Not at all! When the time came, he set aside the privileges of deity and took on the status of a slave, became human! Having become human, he stayed human. It was an incredibly humbling process. He didn’t claim special privileges. Instead, he lived a selfless, obedient life and then died a selfless, obedient death—and the worst kind of death at that—a crucifixion. 9-11 Because of that obedience, God lifted him high and honored him far beyond anyone or anything, ever, so that all created beings in heaven and on earth—even those long ago dead and buried—will bow in worship before this Jesus Christ, and call out in praise that he is the Master of all, to the glorious honor of God the Father.”

Clearly the call of Paul to the church at Philippi included several demands on their thinking and behavior:

  1. That they understand what Jesus did in humbling Himself and laying aside the privileges of control and comfort to the glory of the Father.

  2. That they take on the mission of emulating what Jesus did – not seeking a selfish fire escape Christianity – but a life of serving God by serving others as God led them.

Does Jesus have the right to walk into my life and tell me what to do? Is there any time in my life that I invite Him to do so? The real test of submission is when I let Him redirect something that I hold precious to my personal comfort, entertainment or direction. How many are willing to follow Christ when He offers Heaven and love? Many. How many are willing to allow Him to tell them who to marry when they have placed themselves in a relationship they know is not honoring to Him? Far, far fewer. Even the religious… no, especiallythe religious, must remember. He is Master or He is my servant, and I am His master — no matter that I call Him “Lord” in my songs.

Discussing Authority

Jesus did not refuse to cooperate with the men, but used a method of instruction well known among the rabbinic courts. Jesus offered to answer their query if they could untie a simple riddle they all had seen over the last few years. Mark 11:29says: “And Jesus said to them, “I will ask you one question, and you answer Me, and then I will tell you by what authority I do these things. 30 “Was the baptism of John from heaven, or from men? Answer Me.”

Translations don’t communicate TONE very well. Jesus was respectful in His words… but He was very direct – He always is. He isn’t One to talk around truth. He knew what He wanted from them… and I would remind you that He knows what He wants from US as well. Note the last two words and let them penetrate… “ANSWER ME!” Don’t even try a “non-answer”. If you choose to hear God’s Word today, and Jesus speaks right into the conviction of your heart and you decide to “WAIT ON THE CONVICTION” be warned – to choose delay is to choose disobedience. Time is NOT on your side… and He is the Lord of Time.

Deliberating Alternatives

The men gathered together and tried to see the question from every possible angle. They were accustomed to setting traps verbally. They had done it to Jesus on a number of occasions. They did so with full self-justification. After all, they were the Elders of Israel. They were the protectors, the leaders and the knowledgeable ones. “The crowds are fickle and ignorant”, they thought. “We must not allow them to get sucked in by these ‘loose cannons’ – these self-educated and self-directed teachers that will bring about our destruction!” they reasoned. You can understand their feelings, even if you can see in the text the real problem – they wanted CONTROL at even the cost of truth.

Mark 11:31 “They began reasoning among themselves, saying, “If we say, ‘From heaven,’ He will say, ‘Then why did you not believe him?’ 32 “But shall we say, ‘From men’?”—they were afraid of the people, for everyone considered John to have been a real prophet.

Their response offers the two most profound problems with religious circles – they are like a window into the religious soul.

The first issue is THEOLOGICAL POSTURING – the notion that we should be more concerned with our erector set of presuppositions based on what we think God “might” have been trying to say – though He was far less clear that we are! “Then He will say” is a phrase that shows how religion builds an ethical system and a legal system based on premises. People in today’s church can often more effectively argue their doctrinal statement than they can tell the story of the Biblical text. What is the problem with that? Theoretically one is based on their knowledge of the other. If God gave us a Bible, and not a topical index of truths, we had better learn what HE WROTE, and not simply what men we respect thought ABOUT WHAT HE WROTE. Open the book and read it. It may challenge what you saw in the movie or heard in the sermon.

The second issue is CONCENSUS TRUTH – the notion that leadership should follow what people WANT to believe about an issue. Talk about GRACE AND ACCEPTANCE and the house will be full. Preach that God has something to say about your sex life or time on Facebook, and things will start to get a little uncomfortable. It is as it always has been – men and women who go into ministry do so because they care about people. The problem is that some of us end up pleasing the people, and not the One who called us into ministry for Himself.

Both THEOLOGICAL POSTURING and CONSENSUS TRUTH are huge problems in church circles today.

Declining Additions

Jesus said they simply didn’t meet His demand, so He would offer nothing to meet theirs. In Mark 11:33 it record: “Answering Jesus, they said, “We do not know.” And Jesus said to them, “Nor will I tell you by what authority I do these things.”

First  note that their answer was UNTRUTHFUL. The issue was NOT that they did not know the truth – it was that they were unwilling to even ask the right questions if it put them in a position of correction or unpopularity. Truth wasn’t on the menu – control was.

Second, note that Jesus was not about to offer them more truth when they refused to stand upon the truth (read: rejected) the truth that was already presented. They were unwilling to acknowledge God’s right to control their lives, His Temple and His people. Without the requisite surrender, God felt no obligation to offer more truth. Jesus made His point: His authority was not THEIRS to question, since they couldn’t offer clear spiritual direction on the simplest of problems.

Maybe they weren’t sure where John came from – or at least they weren’t prepared to LEAD AGAINST THE POLLS and speak out in an unpopular way. They were better at QUESTIONS then at ANSWERS. That is the way to sound studious and academically credible. Kick up dust. Act like what you don’t know is beyond knowing. Act like those who think they know are “rednecks” and uneducated dolts that believe out of some naïve and uncultured world view. Get them to question everything… except the system that is run by them.

Deep inside the issue is not simple popularity. It is not fear. It is rebellion. They felt they had the right to ask what authority Jesus had to stand up against a corrupt Temple that was selling sacrificial animals and trading coins at unfair rates. They figured out what many in America today have figured out – God is a BIG BUSINESS opportunity. Selling religion is very lucrative if you are without the scruples that convict you. People are searching for HOPE, and you can suck them in at vulnerable points in their lives and offer them a “Cotton Candy God” that will look out for them and never challenge their way of thinking, let alone living. The problem is, He isn’t the real God that made them. Remember: Men do not reject the idea of a Creator, they reject the idea of a Master.

Romans: Background Materials and Outline

Romans Introduction and Background

Introduction: An epistolary placed first as the preface to the rest of them in theological value, and because Acts ends with a journey of Paul to Rome.

Authorship
1. 1:1 identifies Paul as author. Name mentioned only once.
2. Of tribe of Benjamin (11:1, cp. Phil. 3:5)
3. Sent greeting to Aquila and Priscilla (16:3, cp. Acts 18:2-3)
4. Referred to Jerusalem journey to give money to ailing believers (15: 25-27, cp. Acts 19:21; 20:1-5; 21:15, 17-19)
5. Mentions an intended visit to Rome (1:10-13,15 cp. Acts 19:21)

About the Author
1. Born in Tarsus (Acts 22:3), a city of Cilicia. The city was of importance of Alexandria, and a provincial settlement, thus he was “born free” (Acts 22:28)
2. “Young man” at the stoning of Stephen, but a Sanhedrin (Acts 6:12; 7:58; 8:1)
member, thus early thirties, and born about the time of Jesus.
3. Taught by Gamaliel (Acts 22:3) on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem.

Occasion of the Writing
1. Between 47-8 Paul’s campaigns concentrated on the Asia Minor roadway cities, the Macedonian and Greek cities, and the Aegean transport routes.
2. By 56/7 he spent his winter in Corinth with Gaius, looking toward his coming
Jerusalem journey. Cenchrea (16:1) was the eastern port for the city. He was in
Greece “three months” according to Acts 20:3. After leaving Corinth, Paul was in Phillippi for Pesach Acts 20:6, and desired to reach Jerusalem by Shavuot (Pentecost) in the fall (20:16). Letter written in about 57.

Purpose of the Writing
1. Phoebe’s upcoming trip to Rome afforded him a courier (Rom. 16:2). This letter would announce his coming visit after his trip to Jerusalem.
2. To present a complete and detailed version of the gospel as he taught it that there be clarity by this group who had not yet seen the Apostolic visits.
3. To quell the struggle between new Gentile converts from places in Asia and Jewish believers in Rome, who feared the trend would turn Anti-Semitic.
4. To show directly the connection between the Jewish and Church Programs.

The Book of Romans

Summary of Major Themes
Passage:                  Area:                     Theme:                                        Issue:
1: 1-17                     Salutation           Revealing God’s Righteousness        Shame

1:18-3:20              Condemnation   Our Absolute Unrighteousness               Sin

3:21-5:21              Justification        Righteousness Imputed to us               Salvation

6:1-8,39                Sanctification      Righteousness Imparted to us            Separation

9:1-11,36        Vindication       Righteousness Rejected by Israel            Sovereignty

12:1-15:13          Application           His Righteousness Through us            Service

15:14-16:27         Benediction           God’s Righteous Work in Paul           Salutation

Romans Outline

I. Salutation (1:1-17)

A. The Background of the Writer (1-5).
1. Servant (1).
2. Apostle missionary (2-5).

B. The Background of the Receivers (6,7).

C. Habits of the Writer (8-12).
1. Thankful (8).
2. Serve with spirit (9).
3. Prayer (9,10).
4. Use of gift (11).
5. Comforter (12).

D. Hopes of the Writer (13).

E. Convictions of the Writer (14-16).
1. I am a debtor (14).
2. I am ready (15).
3. I am not ashamed (16).
F. The Theme of the Writer (17).
The Righteousness of God is Revealed in the Gospel Message

II. Condemnation (1:18-3:20).

A. The Heathen (natural man) is condemned (1:18-32).

B. The Moralist is condemned (2: 1-16). God will judge:
1. v.2:
2. v.6:
3. v.11:

C. The Religious (Jew) is condemned (2:17-3:20).

III. Justification (3:21-5:21).

A. The solution is for all: Jew and Gentile (3:21-31).

B. The solution is by faith (4:1-5:21).
1. Abraham is a good demonstration of faith apart from law (4:1-8).
2. Abraham is a good demonstration of faith apart from circumcision
(religious practice and Jewish heritage)— (4:9-15).
3. Abraham type of faith is applicable to us in relation to the revelation of God through His Son! (4:24-5:21).
Note: Limited or Universal Atonement? Compare 5: 12-14.

IV. Sanctification (6:1-8:39).
A. The relationship of the Saved to Self and Sin (6:1-23).
1. Know-
2. Reckon-
3. Yield-
4. Obey-

B. The relationship of the Saved to the Law (7:1-25).
1. We are dead to the Law (1-6) which was written for a different relationship.
2. The purpose of the Law (explaining God’s character) is complete (7).
3. Law causes a negative reaction on my life toward God (8-12).
4. Law produces false comfort or terrible frustration (13-24).

C. The relationship of the Saved to the Spirit (8:1-39).
1. No condemnation (1-4).
2. No obligation (5-17).
3. No frustration (18-30).

V. Vindication (9:1-11:36). (Of God’s Righteousness to Israel).

A. Israel’s Past (9).
1. Paul’s concern (1-5).
2. God’s choice (6-13).
3. God’s right (14-33).

B. Israel’s Present (10).
1. Israel’s state (10:1-4).
2. Israel’s salvation (5-13).
3. Israel’s stubbornness (14-21).

C. Israel’s Future (11).
1. Israel’s rejection is not total (1-10).
2. Israel’s rejection is not final (11-32).
3. Israel’s rejection is God’s mercy (33-36).

VI. Application (12:1-15:13).

A. Our relationship to God Affected (1,2).
1. Presentation.
2. Separation.
3. Transformation.

B. Our relationship to the body affected (3-21).
1. Because of spiritual gifts (3-8)
a. Use gifts in humility (3).
b. Use gifts in unity (4).
c. Be useful to body (5-8).

C. Our relationship to the Government Affected (13:1-7).
1. Submission (1,2).
2. Respect (3-5).
3. Helpful (6,7).

D. Our relationship to our neighbor affected (13:8-10).

E. Our relationship to time affected (13:11-14).

F. Our relationship to the weaker believing brother affected (14:1-15:13).
1. Develop conviction (14:1-12).
2. Develop conscience (14: 13-23).
3. Develop consideration (15: 1-13).

VII. Benediction (15:14-16:27).

A. Paul’s Purpose (15:14-29) Seen in his:
1. Philosophy (14-21).
2. Goal (22-24).
3. Present journey (25-29).
4. Request (30-33).

B. Paul’s Greetings (16: 1-16).

C. Paul’s Final Call (16:17-20).

D. Paul’s companions (21-24).

E. Paul’s Closing Praise (25-27).

Romans 11 Side Note: God is ever faithful! Take a look back!

To Abraham’s sinful and impatient journey into Egypt, God offered a blessed promise to give him countless children. To Sarah’s faithless presentation of her handmaid to bare a child, God answered with children of both Hagar and Sarah – with Sarah in her old age! To Jacob’s deception of his father, God brought a dream of a ladder and twelve sons to surround him in his later days. For, my friend, He is ever faithful!

To Joseph’s brothers who sold him into slavery and broke the heart of their father, God brought the salvation of Egypt’s storehouses to keep their children alive in a vast famine! To Moses’ impulsive killing of an Egyptian guard, God brought a burning bush and a commission of leadership with unprecedented miracles and signs. To Israel’s golden calves in the wilderness God brought the tablets of the law, and the plans for a traveling worship center! Why? Because our God is ever faithful!

To a murmuring and faithless generation of Israelites in the desert God brought manna from the winds and water from the rocks. To Aachan’s sinful stealing of the spoils of Jericho, God brought victory upon victory into the hands of His people against the Canaanite foe. To an angry and thankless generation of Israel’s children God brought champion upon champion to rescue the tribes from their self-caused enslavement! All this He did, and more, for He is ever faithful!

From hard-hearted and stubborn men who insisted on a king, God brought a tender-hearted, singing shepherd to the throne! To a pleasure seeking and self-indulgent king, God brought the princes of the world to pay homage to the Temple at Jerusalem. Nineteen kings passed through the throne of Jerusalem’s Judean kingdom – most of them evil- hearted and selfish. Yet God brought prophet upon prophet to assure them He had not left them:

· Isaiah cried out that a Savior would come! God was not finished with them!

· Jeremiah promised that God would renew the hearts of this people! He still wanted them!

· Ezekiel shared the plans of a Temple that would finally bring people to the
true worship! How their God loved to hear them praise!

· Daniel told of a time when the nations would no longer punish Jerusalem! God waited to restore “the mountain He set his name upon for all the ages”.

· Hosea exposed the broken heart of God for the adulterous generation to turn and be restored! Even used – she could be restored to His love!

· Joel warned of the invasion of men like locusts into Israel! God would use the nations to break the will of His people, that they may again feel His warm embrace!

· Amos shouted to a heartless crowd of coming blows of judgment so that God could plow the ground for a future harvest of blessing to His beloved nation!

· Micah howled a bitter judgment to Israel’s mountain fortresses, for God wanted the worship of His people for Him alone!

· Nahum forecast the destruction of the great city of Nineveh, for God would not allow heathen to harm His beloved without retribution.

· From the darkest days of Judah’s sinful past, God brought a song to Zephaniah to promise days of strength and blessing ahead – for God was not finished with His people!

God said the nation of Israel is the “apple of His eye” (Zech 2:8) and the object of His “everlasting love” (Jer. 31:1). She is His beloved wife, His eternal possession, His inheritance redeemed through His greatness (Dt. 9:6). He promised that the “sun would fade into darkness, stars would fall” before His love for them would end, and God is ever faithful!

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Places in Acts – Chios – Acts 20:15

 The island of Chios (in the Aegean Sea) is only five miles (8 km.) off the western Turkish coast south of the island of Lesbos. The island measures near thirty kilometers in length (north to south), and varies between ten and twenty kilometers in width. It is about twelve miles west of Smyrna across the narrow channel. Formed by volcanic flow, the highest point in the island is in the north at Mt. Pelineo (ASL +1297 meters; 4255 feet). The island is well watered, with sufficient winter rains to produce the celebrated harvests of citrus fruit, mulberries, grapes, cotton, tobacco, vegetables and lentisk (also called mastic tree). The lentisk is used in the production of the alcoholic “mastika”, and is the base of a resin used in chewing gum, cakes, oriental syrups and deserts.

 


The island was settled by Ionians in antiquity, and field excavation has yielded evidence of some settlement activity extending to the C19th BCE. In C8th BCE, the island joined the Ioanian confederacy (with Samos and several Asia Minor cities). By the C6th BCE, the island enjoyed prosperity and was the first to engage in the slave trade. The Persian onslaught of 493 BCE ended the prosperity, and the island periodically changed “masters” from Athens to Macedonia and eventually to Rome.

 

Though under Roman government, the port was quite independent for much of the Roman period. Paul sailed by Chios on his way to address the Ephesian elders at Miletus (and eventually Jerusalem for the beginning of Pentecost – Acts 20:15). This reference to the journey should probably be translated “along the channel of Chios” rather than “against Chios”. This particular journey included stops where he strengthened, instructed and warned the believers in different places as well as bidding them farewell, sensing that he would not see them again (cp. 20: 25).

 

Chios lost many inhabitants during the Early Byzantine period, as pirates ran much of the legitimate trade of the eastern Aegean away. The once prosperous island farms broke down until the Byzantine rulers discovered its value in agriculture. Eventually the island revived. It became a holding of the Venetians by 1172 CE and a centerpiece of the maritime “empire” of the Genoese from 1346 to 1566.

Places in Acts – Cenchrea – Acts 18:18; Rom. 16:1

Cenchrea was visited by Paul and his companions after nearly eighteen months of ministry in Corinth, during the Second Mission Journey. The city was a small port located more than two miles south of Isthmia and about six miles east of Corinth. It was constructed along the road from Isthmia that leads south to the so-called “Baths of Helen” of antiquity. Cenchrea functioned as the eastern harbor of the Corinthians for shipping on the Saronic Gulf. Corinth also had another port, Lechaeum, to the west of Corinth on the Corinthian Gulf. Ships were safely guided between the two harbors to avoid the danger of sailing around Cape Malea. As a town frequented by seafarers, Cenchrea was also a sacred town to Poseidon.

Excavations were begun in 1963 by the American School, University of Chicago and Indiana University under the auspices of Professors Scranton and Ramage. The city had not been excavated because it had been a military area until that time. Though extensive excavations still need to be carried on at the site, the port was positively identified by coinage. The coinage depicts the harbor as surrounded by porticoes with a significant storage capacity. Above the site was a Roman period Temple thought to be of Tyche (fortune). On the wide pier that stretched about five hundred feet into the sea, a Temple of Isis and a Piscinae (fish tank) were located. Further away, about half a mile from the harbor was the monument for a “Tomb of Regulus”, the chief patron of the city and first president of the Isthmian games. The tomb was about 20 years old when Paul visited here.

 

The port has some important New Testament connections, as it was the site of Paul’s completion of a vow, as well as the home of Phoebe (Rom. 16:1,2). Since vows among Jews were often completed with a shaving of the head, it appears that Paul had completed a private vow. Some scholars believe the vow was to remain in Corinth (despite the pagan and degraded surroundings) until God indicated that he should leave.

Excavations also reveal a thriving Byzantine presence. A complex of that period was located including at least two churches. The site appears to have been completely destroyed by two devastating earthquakes, in 365 CE and 375 CE. A small dock and a partially submerged Basilica are all that are easily seen today, though other remains are exposed in bulks on the hill just north of the harbor area.